人教版英语七年级下册 全册知识思维导图

中心主题：七年级下册英语知识体系

Unit 1: Can you play the guitar?

核心话题： 能力与俱乐部 核心问题： 询问并表达自己或他人的能力。

• 核心句型

  • 询问能力:
    • Can you...? — Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
    • Can he/she...? — Yes, he/she can. / No, he/she can't.
  • 询问意愿与加入:
    • Want to join...? — Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
    • Let's join...
  • 提出建议:
    • What club do you want to join?
    • I want to join... club.

• 核心词汇

  • 能力动词: sing, dance, swim, draw, speak, play, tell, write
  • 乐器: guitar, piano, violin, drums
  • 俱乐部: club, swimming club, chess club, art club, music club, English club, storytelling club
  • 其他: story, show, kung fu, talk

• 核心语法

  • 情态动词 Can 的用法:
    • 构成: 主语 + can + 动词原形
    • 否定形式: 主语 + can't/can not + 动词原形
    • 疑问句: Can + 主语 + 动词原形...?
    • 特点: can 没有人称和数的变化。

Unit 2: What time do you go to school?

核心话题： 日常作息与时间安排 核心问题： 询问一天中不同时间点的活动。

• 核心句型

  • 询问时间:
    • What time is it? — It's... o'clock.
  • 询问作息:
    • What time do you...? — I... at...
    • When do you...? — I... at...
    • What time does he/she...? — He/She... at...
  • 描述日常活动:
    • I usually/always/never...
    • It's time for... / It's time to...

• 核心词汇

  • 时间: time, o'clock, half, quarter, minute, hour
  • 日常活动: go to school, get up, run, eat breakfast, take a shower, go to work, go home, do homework, go to bed
  • 频度副词: always (总是), usually (, often (经常), sometimes (有时), never (从不)
  • 其他: best, job

• 核心语法

  • what time 与 when 的区别:
    • what time 指具体的时间点 (e.g., 7:00)。
    • when 指泛泛的时间 (e.g., in the morning, on Monday)。
  • 一般现在时 (主语为第三人称单数):
    • 肯定: He/She + 动词-s/es (e.g., gets up)
    • 否定: He/She + doesn't + 动词原形 (e.g., doesn't get)
    • 疑问: Does + he/she + 动词原形...? (e.g., Does he get...?)

Unit 3: How do you get to school?

核心话题： 交通方式与距离 核心问题： 询问去某地的交通方式和距离。

• 核心句型

  • 询问交通方式:
    • How do you get to...? — I take the subway / bus / train. / I walk. / I ride a bike.
    • How does he/she get to...? — He/She takes the subway...
  • 询问距离:
    • How far is it from... to...? — It's about... kilometers/miles.
  • 询问花费时间:
    • How long does it take? — It takes about... minutes.

• 核心词汇

  • 交通方式: take the subway/bus/train/ship/plane, ride a bike/horse, walk, drive
  • 地点: home, school, library, bus stop, train station, bus station, subway station
  • 距离与时间: kilometer, mile, minute, hour
  • 其他: cross, river, village, many, stop

• 核心语法

  • How 引导的特殊疑问句:
    • How (方式) + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形...?
    • How far (距离) + is/are + 主语...?
    • How long (时间长度) + does it take...?
  • 表示乘坐的动词短语:
    • take + a/the + 交通工具 (e.g., take the bus)
    • ride + a + 交通工具 (e.g., ride a bike)
    • walk (步行), drive (开车)

Unit 4: Don't eat in class.

核心话题： 规则与建议 核心问题： 描述规则并提出建议。

• 核心句型

  • 描述规则 (否定):
    • Don't + 动词原形... (e.g., Don't eat in class.)
    • You can't/mustn't...
  • 描述规则 (肯定):
    • We must + 动词原形... (e.g., We must be on time.)
  • 询问规则:
    • What are the rules?
    • Can we...? — Yes, we can. / No, we can't.
  • 提出建议:
    • Let's...
    • You should...

• 核心词汇

  • 规则: rule, classroom, hallway, dining hall, fight, sorry
  • 动词短语: arrive late, listen to, in class, be on time, wear the uniform, eat outside, go out, clean
  • 情态动词: must (必须), have to (不得不), can (可以), should (应该)

• 核心语法

  • 祈使句:
    • 否定: Don't + 动词原形 (e.g., Don't run.)
    • 肯定: 动词原形 (e.g., Be quiet.)
  • 情态动词 must / have to 的用法:
    • must 表示主观上的“必须”，否定是 mustn't (禁止)。
    • have to 表示客观上的“不得不”，否定是 don't/doesn't have to (不必)。
  • 情态动词 can / should 的用法:
    • can 表能力或许可。
    • should 表建议，意为“应该”。

Unit 5: Why do you like pandas?

核心话题： 动物与偏好 核心问题： 描述动物并表达个人喜好及其原因。

• 核心句型

  • 表达喜好:
    • Why do you like...? — Because they are...
    • Why does he/she like...? — Because he/she thinks they are...
    • What animals do you like? — I like... / I like... because...
  • 描述动物:
    • Let's see the...
    • ...are kind of shy/scary/beautiful/cute.

• 核心词汇

  • 动物: panda, tiger, elephant, koala, lion, giraffe, animal, zoo, pet
  • 形容词: cute, smart, ugly, clever, friendly, beautiful, scary, shy, lazy
  • 原因: because, kind of, very
  • 其他: south, Africa, get lost, water, grass, sleep, during, day, leaf

• 核心语法

  • Why 引导的特殊疑问句:
    • Why + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形...?
    • 回答: Because + 从句 (e.g., Because they are cute.)
  • 形容词的用法: 用来修饰名词，描述人或物的性质和特征。
  • kind of 的用法: 意为“有点儿”，相当于 a little (e.g., kind of shy = a little shy)。

Unit 6: I'm watching TV.

核心话题： 正在进行的动作 核心问题： 询问和描述此时此刻正在发生的事情。

• 核心句型

  • 询问正在做什么:
    • What are you doing? — I'm watching TV.
    • What is he/she doing? — He/She is reading.
  • 描述场景:
    • This is Jenny. She's doing her homework.
    • They are listening to a CD.

• 核心词汇

  • 动词: watching TV, cleaning, reading, eating, exercising, swimming, shopping, sleeping, playing basketball
  • 地点/方位: at home, in a supermarket, at the pool, in the library, outside, phone, camera, newspaper, soup, magazine
  • 其他: just, now, wait

• 核心语法

  • 现在进行时:
    • 结构: 主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing
    • 用法: 表示说话时正在进行的动作或当前一段时间内的活动。
    • 现在分词的构成规则:
      • 一般直接加 -ing (e.g., do → doing)
      • 不发音的 e 去 e 加 -ing (e.g., write → writing)
      • 重读闭音节结尾,双写末尾辅音字母再加 -ing (e.g., run → running, swim → swimming)
      • 以 ie 变 ie 为 y 再加 -ing (e.g., lie → lying)

Unit 7: It's raining!

核心话题： 天气状况与感受 核心问题： 描述天气情况以及人们的活动。

• 核心句型

  • 描述天气:
    • How's the weather? / What's the weather like? — It's sunny/rainy/windy/cloudy/snowy.
  • 描述人们感受与活动:
    • How's it going? / How's everything going? — Great! / Not bad. / Terrible.
    • What are you doing? I'm...

• 核心词汇

  • 天气: sunny, cloudy, rainy, windy, snowy, weather, hot, cool, warm, cold
  • 形容词: bad, great, terrible, pretty, cold
  • 活动: cooking, studying, playing basketball, watching TV, talking on the phone
  • 其他: message, call, back

• 核心语法

  • How's the weather? / What's the weather like? 的用法:
    • 两者都用来询问天气,How's the weather? 更口语化。
  • It's + 形容词: 用来描述天气状况 (e.g., It's hot.)。
  • How's it going? 的用法:
    • 用来询问近况,回答多种多样，如 Pretty good., Not bad., Terrible. 等。

Unit 8: Is there a post office near here?

核心话题： 地点与方位 核心问题： 询问并描述建筑物的位置。

• 核心句型

  • 询问地点:
    • Where is the...? — It's on/in/next to/behind/between... and...
    • Is there a... near here? — Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.
  • 指路:
    • Go straight and turn left/right.
    • It's down this street on the right/left.

• 核心词汇

  • 地点名词: post office, library, restaurant, bank, hospital, supermarket, street, avenue, pay phone, park
  • 方位介词: on (在...上面), in (在...里面), next to (紧挨着), across from (在...对面), behind (在...后面), between (在...和...之间), near (在...附近), in front of (在...前面)
  • 动词: enjoy, walk, take, visit, pass

• 核心语法

  • There be 句型:
    • 含义: “某地有某物”。
    • 肯定句: There is/are + 某物 + 地点.
      • is + 单数名词/不可数名词。
      • are + 复数名词。
    • 否定句: There isn't/aren't + 某物 + 地点.
    • 疑问句: Is/Are there + 某物 + 地点?
  • 方位介词的用法: 这是本单元的重点，需要结合图片或地图来理解和记忆具体位置关系。

Unit 9: What does he look like?

核心话题： 外貌描述 核心问题： 描述人的外貌特征。

• 核心句型

  • 询问外貌:
    • What does he/she look like? — He/She is of medium height/build. / He/She has long straight hair.
    • What do they look like? — They are short. / They have curly hair.
  • 描述特征:
    • He/She has... (hair/eyes/glasses).
    • He/She is... (height/build/age).

• 核心词汇

  • 身高: tall, short, of medium height
  • 体型: heavy, of medium build, thin, slim
  • 发型/发色: long hair, short hair, curly hair, straight hair, long straight hair, short curly hair, brown hair, black hair, blonde hair
  • 面部特征: round face, long face, glasses, eyes
  • 其他: captain, team, kid, remember, artist

• 核心语法

  • look like 与 be 的区别:
    • What do you look like? 询问的是外貌、体型等客观特征 (e.g., tall, short, long hair)。
    • What are you like? 询问的是性格、人品等内在特征 (e.g., friendly, funny)。
  • 描述外貌的两种方式:
    • 主语 + be + 形容词 (e.g., He is tall.)
    • 主语 + has/have + 名词 (e.g., He has glasses.)
  • 注意: has 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他人称。

Unit 10: I'd like some noodles.

核心话题： 食物与点餐 核心问题： 在餐厅点餐并谈论食物。

• 核心句型

  • 点餐:
    • I'd like... (I would like...) — What kind of noodles would you like?
    • Can I help you? / What can I do for you?
  • 询问食物:
    • What size bowl of noodles would you like? — I'd like a large/medium/small bowl.
    • What's your special?

• 核心词汇

  • 食物: noodles, beef, chicken, mutton, cabbage, potatoes, tomato, egg, rice, porridge, soup, juice, tea, dumpling, pancake
  • 形容词: special, large, medium, small, size, drink, food, ice cream
  • 其他: world, answer, make, order

• 核心语法

  • would like 的用法:
    • 含义: “想要”，比 want 更委婉、礼貌。
    • 结构: 主语 + would like + sth. / to do sth.
    • 疑问句: Would + 主语 + like...?
    • 回答: Yes, please. / No, thanks.
  • 名词的可数与不可数:
    • 可数名词: noodle (通常用复数 noodles), dumpling, pancake
    • 不可数名词: beef, chicken, mutton, cabbage, rice, porridge, soup, juice
  • 修饰不可数名词的数量:
    • a bowl of..., a glass of..., a cup of..., a bottle of...

Unit 11: How was your school trip?

核心话题： 过去的经历 核心问题： 谈论过去的活动及其感受。

• 核心句型

  • 谈论过去的经历:
    • How was your school trip? — It was great / fantastic / boring.
    • Did you go...? — Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
    • What did you do? — I went to the zoo. / I saw some animals.

• 核心词汇

  • 动词过去式: was, were, went, saw, visited, bought, ate, took, watched, read, sang, danced
  • 活动: school trip, museum, fire station, zoo, park, aquarium, science museum, gift shop
  • 形容词: interesting, boring, difficult, easy, big, small, fast, slow, happy, sad, great, terrible
  • 其他: learn, about, sleep, beach, sun, yesterday

• 核心语法

  • 一般过去时:
    • 含义: 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
    • 结构: 主语 + 动词的过去式 + 其他.
    • 动词过去式的变化规则: (需要重点记忆不规则变化)
      • 规则变化: 一般加 -ed (e.g., play → played)，以 e 结尾加 -d (e.g., live → lived)，辅音+y结尾变y为i再加-ed (e.g., study → studied)，重读闭音节双写末尾辅音再加-ed (e.g., stop → stopped)。
      • 不规则变化: go → went, see → saw, do → did, have → had, eat → ate, take → took, buy → bought 等。
  • 一般过去时的疑问句和否定句:
    • 疑问句: Did + 主语 + 动词原形...?
    • 否定句: 主语 + didn't + 动词原形...

Unit 12: What did you do last weekend?

核心话题： 过去周末的活动 核心问题： 详细描述过去某个特定时间（如上周末）的活动。

• 核心句型

  • 谈论过去周末:
    • What did you do last weekend? — I played badminton on Saturday morning.
    • Where did you go? — I went to the beach.
    • Who did you go with? — I went with my friends.
  • 描述连续的动作:
    • First, I... Then, I... Finally, I...

• 核心词汇

  • 动词过去式: camped, climbed, studied, played, went, visited, watched, cleaned, played, stayed
  • 活动: camp, beach, sleep, badminton, soccer, house, movie, museum, park, market
  • 时间副词: last weekend, yesterday morning/afternoon/evening, the day before yesterday, ago
  • 其他: fly, love, worry, laugh, movie

• 核心语法

  • 一般过去时的综合运用:
    • 本单元是对 Unit 11 语法知识的巩固和深化，重点是询问和回答过去特定时间发生的一系列活动。
    • 需要熟练掌握 What, Where, Who, When, How 等引导的一般过去时的特殊疑问句。
  • 不规则动词的强化记忆: 本单元出现了更多不规则动词，需要重点记忆和练习。
  • 表示过去的时间状语: last weekend, yesterday, ... ago 等，是判断使用一般过去时的重要标志。

如何使用这份思维导图？

1. 预习: 每个单元开始前，先看一遍思维导图，了解本单元要学什么，做到心中有数。
2. 课堂笔记: 在课堂上，可以将老师补充的重点、例句或你自己的疑问，记录在思维导图的相应分支上。
3. 复习: 每个单元结束后，看着思维导图回忆知识点，遮住右边的部分，尝试自己说出左边的核心内容。
4. 考前总复习: 在期末考试前，可以用全导图进行系统性回顾，查漏补缺。

希望这份详细的思维导图能帮助你更好地学习七年级下册的英语！