研究生英语二写作深度剖析与攻略
在研究生英语考试中，英语二的写作部分占据着举足轻重的地位，它不仅是对考生英语语言综合运用能力的考查，更是对其逻辑思维、知识储备以及学术素养的全面检验，以下将深入探讨研究生英语二写作的各个方面。
一、题型解析
研究生英语二写作主要包括两种题型：小作文和大作文，小作文通常要求写一篇约 100 字的书信、通知、备忘录等应用文，其目的在于测试考生在特定情境下运用英语进行书面交流的能力，如邀请信需清晰表达邀请意图、活动安排及期待对方回复；通知则要准确传达事件信息、时间地点和相关要求，大作文一般为议论文，字数在 150 字左右，要求考生就给定的话题发表观点、进行分析论证并提出合理建议或解决方案，例如探讨某一社会现象产生的原因、影响及应对措施，像“网络购物对传统零售业的影响”这一话题，考生需从多方面剖析并给出建设性意见。
二、评分标准
1、内容（30 分）
关联性（10 分）：文章是否切题，观点与题目要求是否紧密相关，若偏离主题，即便语言优美也难以获得高分。
丰富度（10 分）：论点是否充足、有深度且具有多样性，以“环境保护”为例，不能仅提及表面现象，还需深入到工业化进程、人口增长等因素对环境的综合影响。
逻辑性（10 分）：段落之间、句子之间的衔接是否自然流畅，逻辑关系是否严谨，比如在论述因果时，原因阐述应能合理推导出结果，不能出现逻辑漏洞。
2、语言（30 分）
词汇运用（15 分）：词汇量是否丰富，用词是否准确恰当，能否运用一些高级词汇和短语提升文章档次，避免重复使用简单词汇，如用“significant”替代“important”。
语法正确性（15 分）：语法错误尽量少，句式结构是否正确，常见的语法错误如主谓不一致、时态混乱等都会影响得分，要熟练运用各种句式，如定语从句、状语从句、倒装句等，增加文章的可读性。
3、结构（20 分）
开头结尾（10 分）：开头能否吸引读者注意力，引出主题；结尾是否能总结全文，升华主题或提出展望，一个好的开头可以采用引用名言、提出问题等方式，结尾则可强调观点或呼吁行动。
段落组织（10 分）：中间段落是否有明确的中心思想，段落之间过渡是否自然，每段应围绕一个中心论点展开，段与段之间可通过过渡词如“however”“moreover”等实现连贯。
三、写作步骤与技巧
1、审题立意（5 分钟）
- 仔细研读题目要求，确定文体、话题范围和写作目的，对于小作文，明确是写给谁、关于什么事、有何具体要求；大作文则要分析话题类型，是社会现象类、教育类还是科技类等，进而确定写作方向和核心观点。
- 列出关键词和思维导图，梳理文章大致框架，例如写“大学生兼职的利弊”，可列出“优点：赚取生活费、积累工作经验；缺点：影响学习、可能受骗”等关键词，构建起文章的基本脉络。
2、撰写初稿（30 分钟）
小作文：按照格式要求，开头点明写信目的或通知事项，中间详细阐述内容，注意语言简洁明了、礼貌得体，结尾表达期待或祝愿，如写邀请信：“Dear [收信人姓名], I am writing to invite you to attend the graduation ceremony of our school, which will be held on [具体日期] in [地点]. There will be wonderful performances and a speech from our principal. Looking forward to your presence. Yours sincerely, [署名]”。
大作文：开头提出主题，引出自己的观点；中间段落展开论述，一般 2 - 3 段为宜，每段首句为主题句，阐述一个主要论点并进行详细论证，可采用举例、对比、引用数据等方法；结尾总结全文，重申观点或提出建议，比如论述“传统文化的重要性”：“With the development of modern society, traditional culture is facing great challenges. In my opinion, traditional culture is of vital importance. Firstly, it is the root of a nation's identity. For example, Chinese traditional festivals like Spring Festival carry rich cultural connotations and make us feel proud of our history. Secondly, traditional culture provides wisdom and guidance for modern life. Many ancient philosophies can still be applied to solve today's problems. Therefore, we should take effective measures to protect and promote traditional culture.”
3、检查修改（15 分钟）
- 检查内容是否完整，有无遗漏要点或偏离主题之处。
- 查看语法错误，包括单词拼写、标点符号、时态语态等方面的问题。
- 审视语言表达，优化词汇和句式，使文章更加通顺流畅、生动形象，可将一些平淡的表述改为更具表现力的语句，如将“I think...”改为“From my perspective...”。
四、常见话题与素材积累
1、教育类
话题：在线教育的兴起、教育公平、素质教育与应试教育的平衡等。
素材：“The popularity of online education has been increasing rapidly in recent years, with platforms like Coursera and Xueersi offering a wide range of courses. However, there are also concerns about the quality of online teaching and the lack of interaction between teachers and students.”（在线教育近年来迅速兴起，像 Coursera 和学而思等平台提供了大量课程，人们也担心在线教学质量以及师生之间缺乏互动。）
2、科技类
话题：人工智能的发展对社会的影响、科技与生活的关系、科技创新的重要性等。
素材：“Artificial intelligence has brought both opportunities and challenges. On one hand, AI can improve production efficiency and create new job opportunities. For instance, robots are used in manufacturing industries to replace manual labor. On the other hand, it may lead to job losses in some fields and raise ethical issues such as privacy protection.”（人工智能带来了机遇与挑战，人工智能可以提高生产效率并创造新的就业机会，机器人被用于制造业取代人工劳动，它可能导致某些领域工作岗位流失，并引发隐私保护等伦理问题。）
3、社会现象类
话题：城市化进程中的问题、老龄化社会、环境污染与治理等。
素材：“Urbanization has led to a series of problems, such as traffic congestion, housing shortages and the destruction of natural environments. To solve these problems, governments need to invest more in public transportation, infrastructure construction and environmental protection.”（城市化引发了一系列问题，如交通拥堵、住房短缺和自然环境破坏，为解决这些问题，政府需要加大对公共交通、基础设施建设和环境保护的投资。）
五、范文示例
小作文：投诉信
假如你是李华，你对所购买的某品牌手机出现质量问题表示不满，请你给该品牌客服写一封投诉信，内容包括：
1、购买时间和地点；
2、手机出现的故障；
3、你的诉求。
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to complain about the poor quality of the mobile phone I purchased from your brand. I bought the phone on [具体日期] at [商场名称]. However, after using it for just two weeks, I found that there were some serious problems. The screen sometimes goes black automatically and the battery drains very quickly even when I haven't used it for long. I hope your company can either replace the phone with a new one or repair it for free. I would appreciate it if you could handle this matter as soon as possible.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
大作文：论阅读的重要性
Reading is an essential activity that plays a significant role in our lives. It not only enriches our knowledge but also cultivates our minds.
Firstly, reading broadens our horizons. Through books, we can learn about different cultures, histories and ideas. For example, reading travelogues can make us feel like we are experiencing the places described in the books, and historical books can help us understand the past and learn from it. Secondly, reading improves our language skills. By exposing ourselves to various writing styles and vocabulary, we can enhance our reading comprehension, writing abilities and speaking skills. We can learn how to express ourselves more accurately and vividly. Lastly, reading is a way to relax and relieve stress. When we immerse ourselves in a good book, we can forget about the troubles in our daily lives and enjoy the peace and tranquility it brings.
In conclusion, reading is of great significance. We should develop the habit of reading regularly and make it a part of our daily lives. Only by doing so can we continuously improve ourselves and become more knowledgeable and intelligent individuals.
FAQs
问：在英语二写作中，如果遇到不会的单词或表达怎么办？
答：可以尝试
