高中英语必修一 总览

必修一通常包含4-5个单元，主题围绕初高中过渡、友谊、旅行、地震等贴近学生生活的展开。

Unit 1: Friendship (友谊)

中心主题： Understanding and Building Friendships (理解与建立友谊)

核心词汇

• n. (名词): situation, mistake, advice, experience, soldier, teenager, communication, habit, argue, cloud, reason, feeling, teenager, agreement, hobby, wind, rain, storm, date, mistake, power, tower, nation, canal, dirt, ruin, survivor, trap, fresh, percent, rescue, shelter, electricity, organize, bury, coal, fright, damage, useless, trap, fresh, percent, rescue, shelter, electricity, organize, bury, coal, fright, damage, useless
• v. (动词): ignore, suffer, pack, leave, shake, rise, cut, rise, dig out, judge, express, calm, settle, suffer, burst, ruin, trap, shock, destroy, kill, injure, destroy, rescue, shelter, organize, bury, dig out
• adj. (形容词): upset, loose, entire, nervous, crazy, concerned, loose, patient, German, sunny, lucky, dead, alive, trapped, excited, surprised, tired, hungry, brave, determined, tire, hungry, brave, determined
• 短语:
  • be friends with... 与...做朋友
  • add up 合计
  • calm down (使)平静下来
  • have got to 不得不，必须
  • be concerned about 关心，挂念
  • walk the dog 遛狗
  • go through 经历，经受
  • set down 记下，写下
  • a series of 一系列
  • on purpose 故意
  • in order to 为了
  • at dusk 在黄昏时分
  • as usual 像往常一样
  • right away 立刻，马上
  • at an end 结束，终结
  • number in the 数目达到...
  • in ruins 成为废墟
  • dig out 掘出，发现
  • a (great) number of 许多，大量

重点句型

1. Why...? (Why is that? / Why do you like...?)
2. I don't want to... (I don't want to upset you.)
3. It's the first time that... (It's the first time that we've been late.)
4. I wonder if... (I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long.)
5. So/Nor/Neither + 助动词/be动词/情态动词 + 主语... (So do I. / Neither/Nor can he.)

语法要点

1. 直接引语和间接引语
   • 陈述句: He said, "I am tired." → He (that) he was tired.
   • 一般疑问句: He asked, "Are you a student?" → He asked if/whether I was a student.
   • 特殊疑问句: He asked, "What time is it?" → He asked what time it was.
   • 祈使句: He said, "Sit down." → He told me to sit down.

功能话题

• Talking about problems (谈论问题): I'm having trouble with..., I don't know what to do...
• Giving advice (提建议): You should..., Why don't you...?, You could try...
• Expressing feelings (表达情感): I feel upset/nervous/worried.

Unit 2: Traveling Abroad (出国旅行)

中心主题： Experiencing a New Culture (体验新文化)

核心词汇

• n. (名词): continent, compass, schedule, preference, advantage, disadvantage, altitude, sightseeing, waterfall, brochure, pine, pine, cabin, bookcase, fold, luggage, customs, border, permit, passport, control, declaration, coast, coastline, seashore, sunset, view, accommodation, cabin, bookcase, fold, luggage, customs, border, permit, passport, control, declaration, coast, coastline, seashore, sunset, view, accommodation
• v. (动词): prefer, intend, confirm, arrange, fold, pack, weigh, unpack, sightsee, fold, pack, weigh, unpack, sightsee
• adj. (形容词): fascinating, convenient, curious, cozy, fascinating, convenient, curious, cozy
• 短语:
  • prefer to do sth. / prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事
  • prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过B
  • prefer doing A to doing B 喜欢做A胜过做B
  • prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做B
  • take a trip 去旅行
  • travel agency 旅行社
  • check in 办理登机/入住手续
  • check out 结账离开
  • go through (海关)检查
  • as well 也，又
  • exchange...for... 把...换成...
  • at the airport 在机场
  • take a taxi 乘出租车
  • on foot 步行
  • take a boat tour 乘船游览

重点句型

1. I prefer... because... (I prefer hiking because I can get close to nature.)
2. I'm looking forward to... (I'm looking forward to seeing you.)
3. How/What about...? (What about going for a walk?)
4. I wonder if/when/where... (I wonder when the train will arrive.)

语法要点

1. 动名词
   • 作主语: Swimming is my favorite sport.
   • 作宾语: I enjoy reading.
   • 作介词宾语: She is good at singing. / Thank you for helping me.
   • 常用搭配: enjoy doing sth., finish doing sth., mind doing sth., be used to doing sth., look forward to doing sth.

功能话题

• Making travel plans (制定旅行计划): I'd like to..., What are your plans for...?
• Asking for and giving directions (问路与指路): Could you tell me the way to...?, Go straight ahead and turn left.
• Talking about preferences (谈论偏好): I prefer... to..., I'd rather...

Unit 3: Travel Journal (旅行日志)

中心主题： Describing a Journey (描述一段旅程)

(注：本单元与Unit 2主题相近，但更侧重于叙事和描述，词汇和语法有重叠，但侧重点不同。)

核心词汇

• n. (名词): journal, transport, prefer, disadvantage, altitude, sightseeing, waterfall, brochure, pine, pine, cabin, bookcase, fold, luggage, customs, border, permit, passport, control, declaration, coast, coastline, seashore, sunset, view, accommodation, fare, schedule, preference, disadvantage, altitude, sightseeing, waterfall, brochure, pine, cabin, bookcase, fold, luggage, customs, border, permit, passport, control, declaration, coast, coastline, seashore, sunset, view, accommodation, fare, schedule
• v. (动词): prefer, intend, confirm, arrange, fold, pack, weigh, unpack, sightsee, flow, cycle, prefer, intend, confirm, arrange, fold, pack, weigh, unpack, sightsee, flow, cycle
• adj. (形容词): fascinating, convenient, curious, cozy, fascinating, convenient, curious, cozy, reliable, comfortable, reliable, comfortable
• 短语:
  • take a trip/holiday/vacation 去旅行/度假
  • travel by bus/train/plane 乘巴士/火车/飞机
  • at a speed of... 以...的速度
  • be famous for... 因...而著名
  • have a good time 玩得开心
  • go camping/hiking 去露营/远足
  • change money 换钱
  • book a ticket 预订票

重点句型

1. The road was... (The road was winding and narrow.)
2. We saw... (We saw many beautiful villages along the way.)
3. It took us (some time) to do sth. (It took us three hours to get there.)
4. How was your trip? (It was fantastic/exciting/tiring.)

语法要点

1. 现在完成进行时
   • 结构: have/has been + doing
   • 用法: 表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在的动作，并且有可能持续下去,强调动作的持续性。
   • 例句: I have been waiting for you for two hours. (我已经等你两个小时了。)

功能话题

• Narrating a journey (叙述旅程): First, we..., Then, we..., Finally, we arrived at...
• Describing a place (描述一个地方): It's a beautiful place with..., The scenery is breathtaking.
• Expressing feelings about travel (表达旅行的感受): I feel exhausted but happy.

Unit 4: Earthquakes (地震)

中心主题： Natural Disasters and Human Resilience (自然灾害与人类的韧性)

核心词汇

• n. (名词): crack, burst, ruin, trap, survivor, number, percent, shelter, coal, dirt, electricity, well, pipe, smelly, farm, cow, pig, chicken, canal, dam, useless, steel, prison, tent, fright, dirt, ruin, survivor, trap, fresh, percent, rescue, shelter, electricity, organize, bury, dig out, farmer, worker, judge, leader, volunteer, nation, army, flag, team, team
• v. (动词): shake, rise, cut, rise, dig out, judge, express, calm, settle, suffer, burst, ruin, trap, shock, destroy, kill, injure, destroy, rescue, shelter, organize, bury, dig out, shake, rise, cut, rise, dig out, judge, express, calm, settle, suffer, burst, ruin, trap, shock, destroy, kill, injure, destroy, rescue, shelter, organize, bury, dig out
• adj. (形容词): right, event, lucky, dead, alive, trapped, excited, surprised, tired, hungry, brave, determined, right, event, lucky, dead, alive, trapped, excited, surprised, tired, hungry, brave, determined
• 短语:
  • at an end 结束，终结
  • number in the 数目达到...
  • in ruins 成为废墟
  • dig out 掘出，发现
  • a (great) number of 许多，大量
  • as usual 像往常一样
  • right away 立刻，马上
  • be trapped in... 被困在...
  • pull sb. out of... 把某人从...拉出来
  • give hope to... 给...带来希望
  • the rescue team 救援队
  • donate money to... 向...捐款

重点句型

1. It seemed that... (It seemed as if the world was at an end.)
2. One-third of... / Two-thirds of... (One-third of the nation was killed or injured.)
3. ...was destroyed/killed/injured. (Many buildings were destroyed.)
4. The army was called in to help. (军队被召来帮忙。)

语法要点

1. 数词
   • 分数表达: 分子 + 序数词 (分母为1时用基数词)，如: 1/2 → a half, 1/3 → one third, 2/3 → two thirds, 3/4 → three quarters。
   • 百分数: percent，如: 50% → fifty percent。
   • 约数: about, around, nearly, over, more than，如: about 200 people。

功能话题

• Describing a natural disaster (描述自然灾害): A sudden earthquake happened..., The ground shook violently.
• Talking about past experiences (谈论过去的经历): I remember when..., At that time, I was...
• Reporting news (新闻报道): It is reported that..., Officials said that...

如何使用这份思维导图

1. 打印或绘制: 将此框架打印出来,或者在笔记本上以中心发散的形式绘制出来。
2. 填充细节: 以每个单元的中心主题为核心，将上面的词汇、句型、语法和话题填充到对应的分支上。
3. 关联记忆: 在学习时，将不同单元的知识点联系起来，Unit 1的 go through 和 Unit 4的描述灾难的经历就可以联系起来。
4. 自我检测: 盖住一个分支，尝试回忆出该分支下的具体内容，看着 "Unit 1: Friendship"，尝试回忆出 add up, calm down, go through 等短语的意思和用法。
5. 定期复习: 在考前，用这张思维导图快速回顾整个必修一的知识体系,查漏补缺。

希望这份详细的思维导图能帮助你更好地掌握高中英语必修一的内容！祝你学习进步！