英语时间 思维导图

中心主题: English Time (英语时间)

时间单位

(The Units of Time)

• 最大单位

  • Millennium (千年)

    e.g., The 3rd millennium began in the year 2000. (第三个千年始于2000年。)

  • Century (世纪)

    e.g., Leonardo da Vinci lived in the 15th century. (列奥纳多·达·芬奇生活在15世纪。)

  • Decade (十年)

    e.g., The 1990s was a decade of great technological change. (20世纪90年代是一个技术巨变的十年。)

  • Year (年)

    e.g., I was born in 1995. (我出生于1995年。)

• 中等单位

  • Season (季节)
    • Spring, Summer, Autumn/Fall, Winter
    • e.g., I love the colors of autumn. (我喜欢秋天的色彩。)
  • Month (月份)
    • January, February, ..., December
    • e.g., Christmas is in December. (圣诞节在十二月。)
  • Week (周)

    e.g., There are seven days in a week. (一周有七天。)

  • Day (天)

    e.g., It's a beautiful day today. (今天天气很好。)

• 最小单位

  • Part of the Day (一天中的部分)
    • Morning (早上): e.g., I drink coffee in the morning. (我早上喝咖啡。)
    • Noon / Midday (中午): e.g., Let's meet at noon. (我们中午见吧。)
    • Afternoon (下午): e.g., I usually take a nap in the afternoon. (我通常下午午睡。)
    • Evening (傍晚/晚上): e.g., We watch TV in the evening. (我们晚上看电视。)
    • Night (夜晚): e.g., The baby slept through the night. (宝宝整夜都睡着了。)
  • Hour (小时)

    e.g., The meeting lasted for two hours. (会议持续了两个小时。)

  • Minute (分钟)

    e.g., Can you wait a minute? (你能等一下吗？)

  • Second (秒)

    e.g., The race was decided by a fraction of a second. (比赛胜负以毫秒决断。)

时间介词

(Prepositions of Time)

• At (用于具体的时刻、节日、年龄)

  • 时刻: at 7 o'clock, at noon, at midnight

    e.g., The train arrives at 3:30 PM. (火车下午3:30到达。)

  • 节日: at Christmas, at Easter

    e.g., We get together at Christmas. (我们在圣诞节聚在一起。)

  • 年龄: at the age of 10

    e.g., She learned to swim at the age of six. (她六岁学会了游泳。)

• On (用于具体的日子、日期、星期)

  • 日子: on Monday, on my birthday, on July 4th

    e.g., My birthday is on May 20th. (我的生日是5月20日。)

  • 日期: on the weekend (美式英语), on weekdays

    e.g., I don't work on weekends. (我周末不上班。)

• In (用于较长的时间，如月、季、年、世纪、泛指的早/中/晚)

  • 月/季/年: in May, in summer, in 2025, in the 21st century

    e.g., She will graduate in June. (她将在六月毕业。)

  • 早/中/晚: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening

    e.g., I read books in the evening. (我晚上看书。)

  • 一段时间: in an hour, in two weeks

    e.g., I will finish my report in an hour. (我一小时内会完成报告。)

• For / Since (表示“持续了多久” vs. “从何时开始”)

  • For + 时间段: for two hours, for a long time

    e.g., I have lived here for ten years. (我在这里住了十年了。)

  • Since + 时间点: since 2010, since last Monday

    e.g., I have known him since we were children. (我从孩提时代就认识他了。)

• From...to / Until / Till (表示时间段的起止)

  • From...to: from Monday to Friday

    e.g., The shop is open from 9 AM to 5 PM. (商店从早上9点开到下午5点。)

  • Until / Till: until tomorrow, till 8 o'clock

    e.g., You can stay here until Friday. (你可以在这里待到周五。)

英语时态

(English Tenses)

• 现在时

  • 一般现在: 习惯、事实、真理
    • e.g., I work in London. (我在伦敦工作。)
  • 现在进行: 此刻正在发生、暂时性
    • e.g., He is reading a book. (他正在看书。)
  • 现在完成: 过去发生且与现在有关，持续到现在的动作
    • e.g., I have finished my homework. (我已经完成了作业。)
  • 现在完成进行: 强调从过去开始持续到现在的动作
    • e.g., She has been waiting for an hour. (她已经等了一个小时了。)

• 过去时

  • 一般过去: 过去特定时间发生的动作
    • e.g., I worked yesterday. (我昨天工作了。)
  • 过去进行: 过去某个时刻正在进行的动作
    • e.g., I was watching TV when he called. (他打电话时我正在看电视。)
  • 过去完成: “过去的过去”，在过去某个动作之前已经完成
    • e.g., I had eaten lunch before he arrived. (在他到达之前我已经吃过午饭了。)
  • 过去完成进行: 强调“过去的过去”一直在进行的动作
    • e.g., He had been studying for the exam for weeks. (他为考试已经学习了好几个星期了。)

• 将来时

  • 一般将来: 将来打算或预测的动作
    • e.g., I will travel to Japan next year. (我明年将去日本旅行。)
  • 现在进行表将来: 已安排好的计划
    • e.g., I am meeting my friends tonight. (我今晚要和朋友见面。)
  • be going to: 计划或即将发生的事情
    • e.g., It is going to rain soon. (天快要下雨了。)
  • 将来完成: 将来某个时间点之前会完成的动作
    • e.g., By 2025, I will have graduated from university. (到2025年，我就大学毕业了。)

时间表达方式

(Ways to Tell the Time)

• 顺读法 (直接读数字)

  • 7:05 -> seven oh five
  • 11:30 -> eleven thirty
  • 2:45 -> two forty-five

• 逆读法 (分钟 + past / to + 小时)

  • 分钟 ≤ 30: past (过)
    • 7:10 -> ten past seven
    • 9:25 -> twenty-five past nine
  • 分钟 > 30: to (差)
    • 2:40 -> twenty to three (差20分钟到3点)
    • 11:55 -> five to twelve (差5分钟到12点)

• 特殊读法

  • 15分: a quarter

    8:15 -> a quarter past eight

  • 30分: half

    10:30 -> half past ten

  • 45分: a quarter to

    3:45 -> a quarter to four

  • 整点: o'clock

    5:00 -> five o'clock

常用时间短语

(Common Time Phrases)

• 频率

  • Always (总是), Usually (, Often (经常), Sometimes (有时), Seldom (很少), Never (从不)
  • e.g., I always brush my teeth before bed. (我睡前总是刷牙。)

• 时间点

  • Now (, Right now (就在此刻), At the moment (, Today (, Tonight (今晚)
  • Yesterday (昨天), The day before yesterday (前天), Last night (昨晚), Last week (上周)
  • Tomorrow (明天), The day after tomorrow (后天), Next week (下周), In the future (

• 时间段

  • For a while (一会儿), All day (一整天), All the time (一直)
  • A long time ago (很久以前), In the past (在过去)
  • Soon (很快), Later (稍后), Eventually (, Someday (总有一天)

• 顺序与关系

  • First (, Then (, Next (, After that (之后), Finally (
  • Before (在...之前), After (在...之后), During (在...期间), While (当...时候)
  • By (在...之前), Already (已经), Yet (还/已经), Just (刚刚)